Dying Declaration Under Section 32 of Ipc - 15499 Words

DYING DECLARATION â€Å"Truth sits on the lips of a person who is about to die† Introduction A Dying Declaration means the statement of a person who has died explaining the circumstances of his death. It can be said to be a statement made by a mortally injured person, indicating who has injured them and/or the circumstances surrounding their injury. The injured is aware that he/she is about to die and while the declaration is hearsay, it is admissible since it is believed that the dying person does not have any reason to lie. Such a statement can be proved when it is made by a person as to the cause of his death, or as to any of the circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death. The statement will be relevant in every case or†¦show more content†¦So, they held his statement to be inadmissible under section 32. Circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death The other important condition for the admissibility of a statement as a dying declaration is that it must relate to the circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death. This was vividly explained by the Privy Council in the Case of Pakala Narayana Swami v. The Emperor. The facts of the case were that the accused had borrowed Rs. 3000 from the deceased during 1936. On 20th March, 1937, the deceased received a letter from the accused inviting him to come that day or next to Behrampur. The deceased left his house on 21st March, 1037 in time to catch the train for Behrampur. But he did not come back. On 23rd March, 1937, at about noon, his dead body was found in a steel trunk in a third class compartment at Puri. The dead body was identified by the widow. The accused was tried and convicted for murder and sentenced to death. During the trial, the widow of the deceased stated before the Court that on that day her husband showed her a letter and said that he was going to Behr ampur as the appellant’s wife had written to him and told him to go and receive payment for his dues. This statement was objected by the appellant because it was not a statement after theShow MoreRelatedAruna Shanbaug Case - Supreme Court of India14522 Words   |  59 Pagesfeel like a ship in an uncharted sea, seeking some guidance by the light thrown by the legislations and judicial pronouncements of foreign countries, as well as the submissions of learned counsels before us. The case before us is a writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution, and has been filed on behalf of the petitioner Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug by one Ms. Pinki Virani of Mumbai, claiming to be a next friend. 3. It is stated in the writ petition that the petitioner Aruna Ramachandra ShanbaugRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesprovides an overview of the gendering of political and social transformations over the course of the twentieth century. Attentive to differences across cultures and regions and under varying political regimes, Smith chronicles the struggles of women to improve their situation within the domestic sphere and the conditions under which they labored to expand the career opportunities available to them at different times and in diverse settings. She places special emphasis on the important but often overlooked

Dietary intake and Glaucoma Hawaii Los Angeles - Hiroshima study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1001 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Hiroshima Essay Did you like this example? Our result showed that cholesterol intake has a strong relationship with glaucoma. The data presented that the risk of glaucoma in participants with cholesterol intake ?†°? 252 were 3 times higher than low cholesterol intake (OR: 3.117; p=0.007). Glaucoma is a stealthy eye disease and about half of open angle glaucoma cases are undetected at a certain moment. (19) Oxidative stress has been proposed as an etiologic factor in the pathophysiology of glaucomatous retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death, alongside elevated IOP, retinal ischemia and nutritional status.(5)(6) Neuro-degeneration due to oxidative stress may have role in deterioration in open angle glaucoma, its have been suggested to damage the trabecular meshwork, resulting in increase intraocular pressure.(5,20,21) It is also showed that in glaucoma, oxidative stress occurs mostly in mitochondria of the retinal ganglion cells and their axons.(4) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dietary intake and Glaucoma Hawaii Los Angeles Hiroshima study" essay for you Create order There are few common anti-oxidants such as carotenoids (present in fruits and vegetable), Vitamin B, C, E and polyphenolic flavanoids (present in tea, mostly in green tea, and coffee). Tanito et al. showed a low systemic antioxidant capacity is associated with more severe visual field damage in open angle glaucoma. (22) The Rotterdam study(8) presented a protective effect of vitamin B1 on open angle glaucoma (OAG patient has lower thiamine level than controls). The other presumed mechanism was impaired blood flow. It has been showed that vascular dysregulation (regulation of the blood flow that is not adapted to the needs of the respective tissue) increased the risk of normotension glaucoma, optic nerve compartment syndrome, central serous choroidopathy, retinal artery and vein occlusion and anterior ischemic neuropathy without atherosclerosis.(4) Magnesium (Mg) involved in many metabolic processes in normal cell, its also acts as a natural physiologic calcium channel blocker, thus improve ocular blood flow, reduction of oxidative stress and neuro-protection. It was reviewed that Mg has potential and beneficial role in additional treatment of glaucoma.(23) Rotterdam study (8) showed high intake of retinol equivalents and vitamin B1 were associated with decreased risk of OAG, whereas a high intake of magnesium was associated with an increase risk, they also found that vitamin A has no significant effect on open angle glaucoma. Nurses health study and Health Professionals Follow up study (10) were also could not find any relationship between vitamin A and glaucoma, despite vitamin A is one of the anti-oxidant. In this study we also cannot show any significant difference. A few studies found a relationship between increase body mass index and elevated intra ocular pressure (24)(25,26), but in contrary to the Barbados study(27), they found low BMI is related with POAG. In this study we found no association between BMI and glaucoma. We found high cholesterol intake was positively significant related to glaucoma. A study by Pavljalsevic et al. found that higher cholesterol levels are related to POAG (28), a feasible explanation is that excess intraorbital fat and increase blood viscosity in obesity, usually related with lipid abnormality, may disturb the aqueous outflow capacity which cause increased intraocular pressure. Another study explained that prolonged disturbance of plasma lipids may cause to degenerative changes in the retinal and choroidal vessels, which may result in premature ischemic retino-neural angiopathy. This will create hypo perfusion causing microcirculations disorders related to ganglion cells, which may induce permanent visual disturbance. (29) In a case control study by Davari et al. found serum level of cholesterol and triglyceride significantly higher in POAG patient than control(30). Braakhuis et al. found that higher cholesterol intake may increase the risk of oxidative stress-related ocular disease such as cataract and age macular degeneration (AMD), but not for glaucoma (31). A meta analysis studies (32) found that hyperlipidemia did not increase the risk of glaucoma. There was a study about Statin (drug lowered cholesterol) and glaucoma, the result showed statin use was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of open angle glaucoma in-patient with hyperlipidemia.(33) There are few mechanisms to describe this event. Statins have been shown to increase cellular response of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.(34) This acts cause vasodilation and increase of retinal and choroidal blood flow; thus maintain the health of optic nerve and retinal fiber layer. Other mechanism is statins affect molecular intermediaries in the aqueous outflow pathway, including Rho Kinase activity and myosin II ATPase activity, which increase aqueous outflow facility thorough trabecular meshwork and produce a reduction of intraocular pressure(35). In 2017, Williams et al. found that oral administration of vitamin B3 and/or gene therapy protects the retinal ganglion cell (RGCs) and axon from degeneration in aged mouse models. (36). They use DBA/2J(D2) mice that develop a form of chronic glaucoma with iris abnormalities, high intra ocular pressure, and retinal ganglion cell loss(37). The decrease of NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) induced mitochondrial dysfunctions and disturb redox metabolism. They found that a decline of NAD+, which have potential role in protecting mitochondrial metabolism and to protect against oxidative stress can be corrected by giving high dose oral NAM (Nicotinamide/ vitamin B3) as a biosynthetic precursor of NAD+. This study showed vitamin B3/ NAM could protects against both IOP elevation and neuronal susceptibility that has potential role for glaucoma treatment. Regarding to this evidence, human studies are needed in the future (36). In our study, we cannot found any significant relationship between vitamin B and glaucoma. A possible limitation of our study is the limited number participants who diagnosed with glaucoma, and there were no other glaucoma examination except fundus photographs. This study uses a questioner with reference portion size color photograph; there might be possible errors in measurement of intake by participants. Another possible limitation this study is a cross sectional study, so we could not determine cause and effect between dietary nutritions and glaucoma. In conclusion, the current findings showed that high cholesterol intake have positive association to glaucoma in Japanese descent living in Hawaii and Los Angeles population. However, regarding the contradictory result a prospective study with large and general population and also measurement of nutrients serum in the future study is needed to determine weather there is a causal link between nutrition (Vitamin A, B, C, Magnesium, and cholesterol) and glaucoma.

Essay on Abortion - 2047 Words

Abortion Women may have an abortion for a variety of reasons, but in general they choose abortion because a pregnancy at that time is in some way wrong for them. â€Å"Abortion is the removal of a fetus from the uterus before it is mature enough to live on its own† (Kuechler 1996). When this happens spontaneously we call it a miscarriage. Induced abortion is brought about deliberately by a medical procedure that ends pregnancy. Legal abortion, carried out by trained medical practitioners, is one of the most common and safest surgical procedures. â€Å"About 1.5 million American women choose to have induced abortions each year. Less than 1% of all abortion patients experience a major complication associated with the procedure† (Kuechler 1996).†¦show more content†¦After that, surgical abortion may be the safest and best option. Methotrexate has been used in the US since 1953, when it was approved by the FDA to treat certain types of cancer. Since that time, â€Å"medical researchers have discovered other important uses for the drug† (Ankerberg and Weldon 4). One of these uses is to end unintended pregnancies. Although the â€Å"FDA did not consider methotrexate for this specific purpose, clinicians may prescribe and are now prescribing methotrexate for early abortion†(Ankerberg and Weldon 4). Methotrexate is usually given to a pregnant woman in the form of an injection or shot, although it can be taken orally. â€Å"Methotrexate stops the ongoing implantation process that occurs during the first several weeks after conception. Another medication that might be used is mifepristone†(Ankerberg and Weldon 4). Mifepristone is a newer medication that was developed and tested specifically as an abortion inducing agent. It works by blocking the hormone progesterone, which is necessary to sustai n pregnancy. Without this hormone, â€Å"the lining of the uterus breaks down, the cervix opening of the uterus or womb softens, and bleeding begins†(Ankerberg and Weldon 5). A few days after taking either methotrexate or mifepristone, a second drug, misoprostol, is taken. â€Å"Misoprostol tablets cause the uterus to contract and empty†(Ankerberg and Weldon 5).Show MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahoma’s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion meas ures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers. At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produceRead MoreIs Abortion Wrong? Abortion?1321 Words   |  6 PagesIs Abortion Wrong? There continues to be a hot debate on abortion. Some people feel that this issue is neither right nor wrong, just simply a â€Å"to each his own† idiom. Those who are for abortion, tend to believe a woman has a right to decide what goes in her body and if she is capable of bringing life into this world. On the other side, there is an equal fervent opposition that killing an innocent unborn baby is wrong and unjustly, murder in the first degree of a helpless baby. Not only are they

Brand Engagement A Focus On Brand Communities - 1336 Words

BRAND ENGAGEMENT (WITH A FOCUS ON BRAND COMMUNITIES) Engagement is a term that has been explored in a wide range of academic disciplines, such as organisational behaviour, sociology, political science and psychology. In the context of marketing and business, engagement is represented through â€Å"an individual-spesific, motivational, and context-dependent variable emerging from two-way interactions between relevant engagement subject(s) and object(s)† (Hollebeek 2011). Resnick (2001), claimed that engagement is thought to reveal a development in which the intensity of the engagement may mature over time. Hollebeek (2011) characterised consumer brand engagement as â€Å"the level of an individual consumer’s motivational, brand-related and context-dependent state of mind characterised by specific levels of cognitive, emotional and behavioural activity in direct brand interactions† Further, Anderson (2008) highlighted the importance of consumer engagement in Web 2.0. Again, we are able to draw some ties all the way back to value and co-creation. The increasing bond between brand and consumers are enabled by communication and results in continued brand engagement, especially though social media sites. Engaged consumers exhibit enhanced consumer loyalty, satisfaction, empowerment, connection, emotional bonding, trust and commitment. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for practice and further research. (Brodie et al 2010) Social media One of the key features ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Networks Essay599 Words   |  3 Pagesindividuals simultaneously when compared to the traditional personal communication, thus, sharing information becomes easier and faster. Furthermore, Social media allows individual to demonstrate their main interests by engaging with brands and lifestyle communities, as well as sharing information and communicating with people with similar interests. Social media lets consumers to connect with other consumers in a social network. According to Cialdini and Goldstein (2004) social influence fulfilsRead MoreWhy Do You Buy Your Brand? Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesIf your brand has visually appealing products or a unique story to tell, there cannot be a better stage than Instagram. From luxury brands to media houses to automotives, each have carved a niche of their own and are leveraging Instagram for their businesses. In fact, automotive brands are the most engaged and well-represented. Lot of marketers contemplate whether Instagram can be an effective social media platform for their brand? Even if many marketers want to leverage Instagram for their businessRead MoreMeasuring Customer Engagement On Social Media Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to previous research quantitative methods and questionnaires, have been used as a tool for measuring customer engagement on social media (Gummerus et al., 2012; Men Tsai, 2014; Bitt er et al., 2014; Kabadayi Price, 2013; Bunker et al., 2013; Weman, 2011). Based on previous studies (Cao et al., 2005; Ou Sia, 2010; Zhang von Dran, 2000), information quality attempts to capture the consumer’s assessment of product and company information on the brand’s official Twitter account thatRead MoreThe Social Marketing Aspects Of Twitter1209 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Project 1: Comparing Brand Project This literature review will mainly discuss some literatures that address on the social marketing aspects of Twitter. With the growing accessibility of the internet, social media does not only change the dynamics of sustaining human relationships (O’ Brien, 2011), but enables consumers to establish a social community within a brand. Businesses center their marketing strategy on social media branding because active engagement implies the domino effects followingRead MoreUsing Photo Sharing From A Global Community Of Over 300 Million Active Users1329 Words   |  6 Pagesphoto sharing app used by a small group of people has exploded into a global community of over 300 million active users. An amazing 70 million photos and videos a day are now shared on Instagram by both consumers and brands. With that many users and activity it not surprising that Instagram is been used daily by savvy marketers to build brand awareness and drive targeted traffic to their websites. Brand engagements on Instagram are actually higher than any other social platform including FacebookRead MoreThe Theoretical Model Proposed Before Primary Data Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesis comprised by several parts regarding and contains measurement items for the following variables: perceived information quality, perceived entertainment, perceived interactivity, perceived vividness, online brand engagement cognition, online brand engagement affect, online brand engagement behavior, loyalty, and e-word of mouth. The first question is a screening question. Lastly, the questionnaire contains demographic information including gender, age, ethnicity, education, as this information couldRead MoreNike Business Analysis Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesIV. Marketing strategy As a leading athletic brand in the world, much of Nike’s success can be attributed to its shrewd marketing strategy. As reported in its 2009-2010 Annual report, because NIKE is a consumer products company, â€Å"the relative popularity of various sports and fitness activities and changing design trends affect the demand for our products†. Therefore, Nike must â€Å"respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing newRead MoreA New Dilemma Among Social Media Professionals808 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessionals. Should you focus on increasing your following or maximizing your user generated content (UGC)? The answer isn’t simple. It all depends on your company’s marketing strategy. Different goals require different tactics. And sometimes your client will make the ultimate decision. However, if you’re leading the team, it’ important to understand this marketing puzzle. Let’s solve it together. More Fans? Marketing pros are always striving to build bigger and better brands. We want our companiesRead MoreMeasuring Customer Engagement On Social Media Essay876 Words   |  4 Pages3.1 Variables-measures According to previous research quantitative methods and questionnaires, have been used in order to measure customer engagement on social media (Gummerus et al., 2012; Men Tsai, 2014; Bitter et al., 2014; Kabadayi Price, 2013; Bunker et al., 2013; Weman, 2011). Based on previous studies (Cao et al., 2005; Ou Sia, 2010; Zhang von Dran, 2000), information quality attempts to examine the consumer’s evaluations regarding product and company information on the brand’s officialRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Of Pepsico1329 Words   |  6 PagesOverview PepsiCo is one of the most recognizable beverage brand around the globe. The company has built its reputation that has become an empire in the food and beverage industry. In 2010, PepsiCo decided to sit out of the Super Bowl commercial to instead focus on a campaign they believed would create a bigger buzz for the company.  According to Public Relations Cases, â€Å"Pepsi believes in optimism and the power of the people to move communities forward. It comes down to a simple reality: people plus

Classify My Classmates free essay sample

Classify My Classmates Classmates are the group of people that we must meet as long as we still have school life; that is, Classmates are important in our school life. To me, it is hard to make new friends in a new environment because I am poor at social with others. Fortunately, I have had some classmates that were very close to me in any stage of my school life. In my opinion, there are three types of classmates, according to the level of familiar. First one is the most unfamiliar one, we are just in the same class, but we don’t talk, even don’t say hello to one other.I do not dislike them, but just cannot get along with them. The second type is the common type, we are in the same class, and we usually greet with each other. We can chat without any embarrassment but we would not share our worries and talk deeply. We will write a custom essay sample on Classify My Classmates or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have most friends in this ‘so-so’ relationship, but if we are very match, then we will become the last but the most intimate type of classmates. The third type is, to me, the most important and concerned one. As what I said, I’m a passive person and have less ability of social, so it is hard for me to have intimate friends.But, once I considered someone is my good friend or even soul mate, I will be very ‘loyal’ to that person, treating her as my own family, share secrets and worries to her†¦ and so on. On the other hand, when she gets into trouble or has anything wrong, I will try my best helping her and always be on her side. A classmate who has good relation with us can become our close friend in our life time. A friend who becomes our friend when we’re just a student is the most pure one; we should think her as treasure.

Child Labour and in Impoverished Society Essay Example For Students

Child Labour and in Impoverished Society Essay Child Labour and in Impoverished Society Nearly 30% of population in poor countries are poorest of poor who are not even able to earn enough for one day food with big family have to largely depend on children to earn and feed. Parents of these children are mainly illiterate or semi literate are unable to find jobs, which can provide enough salary. Dream of education to children is impossible unless suitable employment opportunities made available to at least one person in the family. Simply by opening schools and providing books are not sufficient measures. We need to understand the reason behind child labour that is poverty and unemployment. Minimizing poverty and creation of more and more suitable jobs to parents are the only solution of eradication of majority of child labour problem. Some percentage of child labour comes from brutality/ harassments by parents or stepparents. They are mainly from urban areas of lower middle-income group. This percentage is too less and easily controllable by penalties to such parents and children rights. But rural poverty and lack of employment or partial employment and illiteracy has given birth to majority of child labour problem. Our understanding should be little more practical as no parents want their children work at the age when children are to study and play. System of child labour prevails in the countries, which are poor or underdeveloped. Nearly 70% of worlds poor live in Asia alone and major contribution made by China, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. Where 70% of populations live in rural areas have main employment in agriculture and small and cottage industries. Major percentage is illiterate or semi literate. In India alone around 45% of total thick. . ter source of employment. Â · Identify the parents whose children are involved and make arrangement of provision of jobs to them. Â · To scrutinize if minimum salary and social security structure is followed or not by employers. Â · Emphasis should be made for improving demand of crafts products, which consumes more employment than the modern industries. Modernization of industries should not mean unemployment. Industries and respective Governments have forgotten the real objective of trade and industrialization. Rather objective of trade and industrialization should employment, uplifting standard of living and eradication of poverty. Â · Discourage over population, which is rather killing the world. Lack of education in these countries main reason for NGOs should come with the ideas to encourage countries to introduce incentive and disincentives for smaller family.